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Since1960Canadianindustryhaslaggedbehindotheradvancedcapitalisteconomiesinitslevelofcommitmenttoresearchanddevelopment.AsleepattheSwitchexplainsthereasonsforthisunderperformancedespiteaseriesoffederalmeasurestospurtechnologicalinnovationinCanada.BruceSmardonarguesthattheunderlyingissueinCanadaslongstandingfailuretoinnovateisstructuralandcanbetracedtotherapiddiffusionofAmericanFordistpracticesintothemanufacturingsectoroftheearlytwentiethcentury.UndertheinuenceofFordismCanadianindustrycametodependheavilyonoutsidesourcesofnewtechnologyparticularlyfromtheUnitedStates.Thoughthisinitiallybroughtinsubstantialforeigncapitalandledtorapideconomicdevelopmenttheresultingbranch-plantindustrialstructureledtotheprioritizationofbusinessinterestsovertransformativeandinnovativeindustrialstrategies.Thissituationwasexacerbatedintheearly1960sbytheGlasscoframeworkwhichassumedthatthebestwayforthefederalstatetofosterdomestictechnologicalcapacitywastofundprivatesectorresearchandcollaborativestrategieswithprivatecapital.Remarkablyandwithfewresultsfederalprogramsandmeasurescontinuedtoemphasizeamarket-orientedapproach.AsleepattheSwitchdetailstheongoingattemptsbythefederalgovern-menttoincreasethelevelofinnovationinCanadianindustryandshowswhytheseeffortshavefailedtoalterthepatternoftechnologicaldependency.BruceSmardonisassociateprofessorofpoliticalscienceatYorkUniversity.Whensocialdemocraticpoliticiansinthe1990smoderatedtheirideasandpoliciesaspartofaturntowardsthethirdwaytheywereassailedastraitorstothecause.RemainingLoyaldemonstratesthatwhilethirdwaysocialdemocratsinQuebecandSaskatchewansupplementedcertainsocialdemocraticideaswithmoreright-wingeconomicprogramstheirpublicpoliciesremainedtruetotheoriginalspiritofsocialdemocracy.DrawingonarangeofarchivalresourcesDavidMcGranetracestheevo-lutionofsocialdemocracyinQuebecandSaskatchewanfromtheirrespectiveoriginsinsocialCatholicthoughtandagrarianprotestmovementsattheturnofthetwentiethcenturytothemostrecentPartiQubcoisandNewDemo-craticPartygovernments.Indoingsohereconstructsthepublicpoliciesoftraditionalsocialdemocracyfromthepostwareraandthethirdwayinthe1990sandearly2000sandndsbothdifferencesandcontinuities.McGranecontendsthatremainingloyaltocoresocialdemocraticvaluesisexactlywhatdifferentiatesthethirdwayfromneo-liberalisminSaskatchewanandQuebec.ThersthistoricalcomparisonofsocialdemocracyinSaskatchewanandQuebecRemainingLoyalchallengeshowwethinkabouttherecentideologi-calevolutionofleft-wingpartiesinCanadaandtherestoftheworld.DavidMcGraneisassociateprofessorofpoliticalstudiesatStThomasMoreCollegeattheUniversityofSaskatchewanandtheeditorofNewDirectionsinSaskatchewanPublicPolicy.35MQUPFALL2014SPECIFICATIONSCarletonLibrarySeriesNovember2014978-0-7735-4427-734.95ACDNpaper978-0-7735-4426-0100.00SCDN100.00SUS65.00cloth6x9344ppe-bookavailableSPECIFICATIONSOctober2014978-0-7735-4417-834.95ACDN34.95AUS22.99paper978-0-7735-4416-1100.00SCDN100.00SUS65.00cloth6x9416ppe-bookavailableAsleepattheSwitchThePoliticalEconomyofFederalResearchandDevelopmentPolicysince1960brucesmardonWhyCanadianindustrialRDremainslimitedincomparisonwithothereconomiesandhowfederalpolicycontributestotheproblem.POLITICALSCIENCEPUBLICPOLICYPOLITICALSCIENCEPUBLICPOLICYRemainingLoyalSocialDemocracyinQuebecandSaskatchewandavidmcgraneHowsocialdemocratshavechangedwiththetimeswhiletheirkeyvalueshavestayedthesame.